About the Handler DSL

Use the Handler DSL to attach a callback to an event. If the event occurs during a Chef Infra Client run, the associated callback is executed. For example:

Sending email if a Chef Infra Client run fails
Aggregating statistics about resources updated during a Chef Infra Client runs to StatsD

on Method

Use the on method to associate an event type with a callback. The callback defines what steps are taken if the event occurs during a Chef Infra Client run and is defined using arbitrary Ruby code. The syntax is as follows:

Chef.event_handler do
  on :event_type do
    # some Ruby
  end
end

where

Chef.event_handler declares a block of code within a recipe that is processed when the named event occurs during a Chef Infra Client run
on defines the block of code that will tell Chef Infra Client how to handle the event
:event_type is a valid exception event type, such as :run_start, :run_failed, :converge_failed, :resource_failed, or :recipe_not_found

For example:

Chef.event_handler do
  on :converge_start do
    puts "Ohai! I have started a converge."
  end
end

Event Types

The following table describes the events that may occur during a Chef Infra Client run. Each of these events may be referenced in an on method block by declaring it as the event type.

:run_start: The start of a Chef Infra Client run.
:run_started: The Chef Infra Client run has started.
:run_completed: The Chef Infra Client run has completed.
:run_failed: The Chef Infra Client run has failed.
:ohai_completed: The Ohai run has completed.
:skipping_registration: The Chef Infra Client is not registering with the Chef Infra Server because it already has a private key or because it does not need one.
:registration_start: The Chef Infra Client is attempting to create a private key with which to register to the Chef Infra Server.
:registration_completed: The Chef Infra Client created its private key successfully.
:registration_failed: The Chef Infra Client encountered an error and was unable to register with the Chef Infra Server.
:node_load_start: The Chef Infra Client is attempting to load node data from the Chef Infra Server.
:node_load_success: The Chef Infra Client successfully loaded node data from the policy builder.
:node_load_failed: The Chef Infra Client encountered an error and was unable to load node data from the Chef Infra Server.
:run_list_expand_failed: The Chef Infra Client failed to expand the run-list.
:node_load_completed: The Chef Infra Client successfully loaded node data from the Chef Infra Server. Default and override attributes for roles have been computed, but are not yet applied.
:policyfile_loaded: The policy file was loaded.
:cookbook_resolution_start: The Chef Infra Client is attempting to pull down the cookbook collection from the Chef Infra Server.
:cookbook_resolution_failed: The Chef Infra Client failed to pull down the cookbook collection from the Chef Infra Server.
:cookbook_resolution_complete: The Chef Infra Client successfully pulled down the cookbook collection from the Chef Infra Server.
:cookbook_clean_start: The Chef Infra Client is attempting to remove unneeded cookbooks.
:removed_cookbook_file: The Chef Infra Client removed a file from a cookbook.
:cookbook_clean_complete: The Chef Infra Client is done removing cookbooks and/or cookbook files.
:cookbook_sync_start: The Chef Infra Client is attempting to synchronize cookbooks.
:synchronized_cookbook: The Chef Infra Client is attempting to synchronize the named cookbook.
:updated_cookbook_file: The Chef Infra Client updated the named file in the named cookbook.
:cookbook_sync_failed: The Chef Infra Client was unable to synchronize cookbooks.
:cookbook_sync_complete: The Chef Infra Client is finished synchronizing cookbooks.
:cookbook_gem_start: The Chef Infra Client is collecting gems from the cookbooks.
:cookbook_gem_installing: The Chef Infra Client is installing a cookbook gem.
:cookbook_gem_using: The Chef Infra Client is using a cookbook gem.
:cookbook_gem_finished: The Chef Infra Client finished installing cookbook gems.
:cookbook_gem_failed: The Chef Infra Client failed to install cookbook gems.
:cookbook_compilation_start: The Chef Infra Client created the run_context and is starting cookbook compilation.
:library_load_start: The Chef Infra Client is loading library files.
:library_file_loaded: The Chef Infra Client successfully loaded the named library file.
:library_file_load_failed: The Chef Infra Client was unable to load the named library file.
:library_load_complete: The Chef Infra Client is finished loading library files.
:lwrp_load_start: The Chef Infra Client is loading custom resources.
:lwrp_file_loaded: The Chef Infra Client successfully loaded the named custom resource.
:lwrp_file_load_failed: The Chef Infra Client was unable to load the named custom resource.
:lwrp_load_complete: The Chef Infra Client is finished loading custom resources.
:ohai_plugin_load_start: Ohai has started loading plugins.
:ohai_plugin_file_loaded: Ohai has loaded a plugin.
:ohai_plugin_file_load_failed: Ohai failed to load a plugin.
:ohai_plugin_load_complete: Ohai has completed loading plugins.
:attribute_load_start: The Chef Infra Client is loading attribute files.
:attribute_file_loaded: The Chef Infra Client successfully loaded the named attribute file.
:attribute_file_load_failed: The Chef Infra Client was unable to load the named attribute file.
:attribute_load_complete: The Chef Infra Client is finished loading attribute files.
:definition_load_start: The Chef Infra Client is loading definitions.
:definition_file_loaded: The Chef Infra Client successfully loaded the named definition.
:definition_file_load_failed: The Chef Infra Client was unable to load the named definition.
:definition_load_complete: The Chef Infra Client is finished loading definitions.
:recipe_load_start: The Chef Infra Client is loading recipes.
:recipe_file_loaded: The Chef Infra Client successfully loaded the named recipe.
:recipe_file_load_failed: The Chef Infra Client was unable to load the named recipe.
:recipe_not_found: The Chef Infra Client was unable to find the named recipe.
:recipe_load_complete: The Chef Infra Client is finished loading recipes.
:cookbook_compilation_complete: The Chef Infra Client completed all cookbook compilation phases.
:converge_start: The Chef Infra Client run converge phase has started.
:action_collection_registration: Provides a reference to the action_collection before cookbooks are compiled.
:converge_complete: The Chef Infra Client run converge phase is complete.
:converge_failed: The Chef Infra Client run converge phase has failed.
:control_group_started: The named control group is being processed.
:control_example_success: The named control group has been processed.
:control_example_failure: The named control group’s processing has failed.
:resource_action_start: A resource action is starting.
:resource_skipped: A resource action was skipped.
:resource_current_state_loaded: A resource’s current state was loaded.
:resource_after_state_loaded: A resource’s after state was loaded.
:resource_current_state_load_bypassed: A resource’s current state was not loaded because the resource does not support why-run mode.
:resource_bypassed: A resource action was skipped because the resource does not support why-run mode.
:resource_update_applied: A change has been made to a resource. (This event occurs for each change made to a resource.)
:resource_update_progress: A resource sent a progress notification to the user to indicate overall progress of a long running operation.
:resource_failed_retriable: A resource action has failed and will be retried.
:resource_failed: A resource action has failed and will not be retried.
:resource_updated: A resource requires modification.
:resource_up_to_date: A resource is already correct.
:resource_completed: All actions for the resource are complete.
:stream_opened: A stream has opened.
:stream_closed: A stream has closed.
:stream_output: A chunk of data from a single named stream.
:handlers_start: The handler processing phase of a Chef Infra Client run has started.
:handler_executed: The named handler was processed.
:handlers_completed: The handler processing phase of a Chef Infra Client run is complete.
:provider_requirement_failed: An assertion declared by a provider has failed.
:whyrun_assumption: An assertion declared by a provider has failed, but execution is allowed to continue because the Chef Infra Client is running in why-run mode.
:deprecation: A deprecation message has been emitted.
:attribute_changed: Prints out all the attribute changes in cookbooks or sets a policy that override attributes should never be used.

Examples

The following examples show ways to use the Handler DSL.

Send Email

Use the on method to create an event handler that sends email when a Chef Infra Client run fails. This will require:

A way to tell Chef Infra Client how to send email
An event handler that describes what to do when the :run_failed event is triggered
A way to trigger the exception and test the behavior of the event handler

Define How Email is Sent

Use a library to define the code that sends email when a Chef Infra Client run fails. Name the file helper.rb and add it to a cookbook’s /libraries directory:

require 'net/smtp'

module HandlerSendEmail
  class Helper
    def send_email_on_run_failure(node_name)
      message = "From: Chef <chef@chef.io>\n"
      message << "To: Grant <grantmc@chef.io>\n"
      message << "Subject: Chef run failed\n"
      message << "Date: #{Time.now.rfc2822}\n\n"
      message << "Chef run failed on #{node_name}\n"
      Net::SMTP.start('localhost', 25) do |smtp|
        smtp.send_message message, 'chef@chef.io', 'grantmc@chef.io'
      end
    end
  end
end

Add the Handler

Invoke the library helper in a recipe:

Chef.event_handler do
  on :run_failed do
    HandlerSendEmail::Helper.new.send_email_on_run_failure(
      Chef.run_context.node.name
    )
  end
end

Use Chef.event_handler to define the event handler
Use the on method to specify the event type

Within the on block, tell Chef Infra Client how to handle the event when it is triggered.

Test the Handler

Use the following code block to trigger the exception and have the Chef Infra Client send email to the specified email address:

ruby_block 'fail the run' do
  block do
    raise 'deliberately fail the run'
  end
end

etcd Locks

The following example shows how to prevent concurrent Chef Infra Client runs from both holding a lock on etcd:

lock_key = "#{node.chef_environment}/#{node.name}"

Chef.event_handler do
  on :converge_start do |run_context|
    Etcd.lock_acquire(lock_key)
  end
end

Chef.event_handler do
  on :converge_complete do
    Etcd.lock_release(lock_key)
  end
end

HipChat Notifications

Event messages can be sent to a team communication tool like HipChat. For example, if a Chef Infra Client run fails:

Chef.event_handler do
  on :run_failed do |exception|
    hipchat_notify exception.message
  end
end

or send an alert on a configuration change:

Chef.event_handler do
  on :resource_updated do |resource, action|
    if resource.to_s == 'template[/etc/nginx/nginx.conf]'
      Helper.hipchat_message("#{resource} was updated by chef")
    end
  end
end

`attribute_changed` event hook

In a cookbook library file, you can add this to print out all attribute changes in cookbooks:

Chef.event_handler do
  on :attribute_changed do |precedence, key, value|
    puts "setting attribute #{precedence}#{key.map { |n| "[\"#{n}\"]" }.join} = #{value}"
  end
end

If you want to setup a policy that override attributes should never be used:

Chef.event_handler do
  on :attribute_changed do |precedence, key, value|
    raise 'override policy violation' if precedence == :override
  end
end